![]() ![]() Coke is made by heating soft coal in an oven without allowing oxygen to mix with it. In addition to its use as a lubricant, graphite, in a form known as coke, is used in large amounts in the production of steel. All artificially produced graphite is of the alpha type. These two forms have identical physical properties but different crystal structures. Naturally occurring graphite occurs in two forms, alpha and beta. Although it does occur naturally, most commercial graphite is produced by treating petroleum coke, a black tar residue remaining after the refinement of crude oil, in an oxygen-free oven. Graphite, one of the softest materials known, is a form of carbon that is primarily used as a lubricant. ![]() It can also be pressed into shapes and is used to form the cores of most dry cell batteries, among other things. This black soot, also known as lampblack, gas black, channel black or carbon black, is used to make inks, paints and rubber products. Three naturally occurring allotropes of carbon are known to exist: amorphous, graphite and diamond.Īmorphous carbon is formed when a material containing carbon is burned without enough oxygen for it to burn completely. Carbon is most commonly obtained from coal deposits, although it usually must be processed into a form suitable for commercial use. Carbon, the sixth most abundant element in the universe, has been known since ancient times. ![]()
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